To investigate the emissions from open burning of crop residues in Jianghan Plain by using the Emission Factor Method, household surveys were conducted to obtain the percentages of crop residues burned in fields. Household survey statistics, GLC2000-China product and MODIS active fire products (MOD/MYD14A1) were used to analyze the temporal-spatial distribution of crop residues burning emissions in Jianghan Plain. The results gave a total emission of 73.3 Gg PM2.5, 18.6 Gg OC, 3.27 Gg BC, 7763 Gg CO2, 238 Gg CO, 10.6 Gg CH4, 28.6 Gg NMHCs, 0.382 Gg N2O, 5.74 Gg NH3, 8.26 Gg SO2 and 17.1 Gg NOx from the open burning of crop residues, in 2010, which happened most frequently in May, September and October. Among all subregions, Jianli County contributed the most to the total crop burning emissions, followed by Xiantao and Tianmen City, while Jingzhou municipal district had the highest PM2.5 emissions per unit area. Rice straw was the dominant source of crop burning emissions among all types of crop residues, followed by rape straw and wheat straw.

The Carboniferous volcanic rocks of Benbatu Formation at Chagannuoer in Sonid Youqi, Inner Mongolia, consist of basalts with pillow and massive structure and dacites. The SiO₂ content of the volcanic rocks mainly fallen in two ranges 48. 20% -51. 11% and 64. 66% -65. 42% , showing a bimodal distribution composition. The mafic volcanic rocks are mainly alkaline basalt series, with Na-rich and potassium-deficient. The felsic volcanic rocks belong to calc-alkaline series with high alkali content and about 3% K₂O content. The pillow basalts are characterized by slightly loss LREE, enriched HREE, slightly positive Eu anomalies and high abundances in Hf, Zr and Th (HFSE). The massive basalts are characterized by enriched Rb, Th, Zr, Hf and loss Ta, Nb. The dacites have obvious severity of REE fractionation with Eu negative anomalies significantly, enriched Rb, Th, Pb, Hf, Zr and loss Eu, Sr, Nb, Ta. According to Rb-Sr isochron age, SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating data and paleontological data, Chagannuoer bimodal volcanic rocks formed in Late Carboniferous, about 313-308 Ma. The characteristics of geochemistry and regional geology suggest that Chagannuoer bimodal volcanic rocks formed in post-collisional extensional setting, so it can be inferred that the Solonker suture zone had ever been closed before the Late Carboniferous.